Relational poverty and developmental deficits

Relational poverty and developmental deficits

The capacity to create and maintain relationships is not only central to our health but also our survival as a species. Empathy is central to this, a capacity which is influenced by the nature and timing of different developmental influences. Modern environments are,...
Parenting, culture and the social unconscious

Parenting, culture and the social unconscious

According to Sue Gerhardt, brains are shaped by experience and the quality of care we receive as babies affects our neurobiology. Early brain development is very rapid and sets up neural pathways and biochemical systems that we will continue to use throughout the...
Bruce Alexander and dislocation theory

Bruce Alexander and dislocation theory

Psychosocial integration refers to the deep interconnectedness between the individual and their social world which grows and develops throughout the lifespan. Bruce Alexander writes that a lack of this type of integration leads to ‘dislocation’, an experience that is...
John Bowlby and attachment

John Bowlby and attachment

John Bowlby was very influenced by the experimental work of Konrad Lorenz on ‘imprinting’ in geese. He believed that, like Lorenz’s geese, humans also imprint a carer soon after birth. It had previously been thought that a baby will form a bond or...
Homeostasis, under-care and the development of set-points

Homeostasis, under-care and the development of set-points

Darcia Narvaez, in Neurobiology and the development of human morality, writes that we can understand a baby’s gestures and movements as signals that indicate their level of homeostasis in each moment. These communications may signal discomfort when the infant’s...